Nairobi, with a population of approximately five million people, faces perennial water shortages despite a complex supply network. The city requires up to 900 million litres of water daily, with ongoing issues stemming from various factors.

• Population growth exceeding infrastructure capacity, an aging pipe system leading to leaks, and unauthorized tapping contribute to the lack of consistent supply.
• The Nairobi City Water and Sewerage Company manages the city's water services.
• President William Ruto announced plans to address the shortage by launching the Northern Water Collector Tunnel, which will add 140 billion litres to the supply.