The India Stack is a comprehensive digital infrastructure composed of open APIs and digital public goods designed to accelerate digital transformation and enhance financial inclusion in India. This framework, developed since 2009 with the Aadhaar program, facilitates paperless, presence-less, and cashless transactions across various services.

• The India Stack operates through five layers: Cashless (payments like UPI), Paperless (documents via DigiLocker), Presence-less (identity with Aadhaar), Consent (data sharing control), and Commerce (digital marketplace via ONDC).
• India's experience shows increased financial inclusion, improved access to services, stimulated entrepreneurship, and reduced corruption through direct benefit transfers (DBT).
• Key components like Aadhaar, UPI, and DigiLocker have been adopted by hundreds of millions of Indian citizens, enabling secure digital access to financial, healthcare, and educational services.