Kenya has been ranked as the fourth country in Africa for criminal activities like “wash wash” schemes and heroin trafficking, indicating its growing involvement in complex illicit markets that operate alongside the formal economy. This ranking highlights the sophisticated and interconnected nature of criminal networks within the country.

• Kenya is now among the top four African hubs for organised financial fraud and drug-related crime.
• “Wash wash” scams include fake gold, currency exchange fraud, and elaborate investment cons
• Kenya's strategic geographic location and transport infrastructure contribute to its role as a key transit point for heroin.