In the 25 years since the September 11, 2001 attacks orchestrated by Al Qaeda, the militant group, founded by Osama bin Laden, has spawned numerous affiliates and inspired global attacks, despite significant setbacks.

• Al Qaeda has evolved into a transnational jihadist network, expanding its influence particularly in Africa.
• Key leaders like Osama bin Laden (killed in 2011) and Ayman al-Zawahri (killed in 2022) have been eliminated, with Seif al-Adel believed to be the current de facto leader.
• Despite the rise of rivals like the Islamic State, Al Qaeda remains a potent source of support and inspiration for militants in regions including Somalia and the Sahel.